Raws li cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov khoom siv sib xyaw tau siv dav hauv cov tub rog dav hlau.
Xyoo 1960,iav fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ntej pib siv dav hlau fairing, flaperon. Lub sijhawm no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov tsawg, thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog qhov me me thiab cov qib quab yuam.
Thaum xyoo 1960s,boron fiber ntau / epoxy composites pib siv rau hauv cov qauv dav hlau. Piv txwv li, F-14 tau pib siv boron fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites rau lub tiaj tiaj hauv xyoo 1971.
Hauv nruab nrab -1970s,ib qho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw nrog carbon fiber raws li qhov kev txhawb nqa tau yug los, uas tau qhib qhov kev thov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv cov dav hlau. Carbon fiber-reinforced composites nrog zoo heev muaj zog tshwj xeeb, siab tshwj xeeb modulus, corrosion kuj thiab qaug zog kuj yog heev haum rau aviation khoom yuav tsum. Carbon fiber reinforced composite cov ntaub ntawv yog maj mam siv nyob rau hauv ntsug tus Tsov tus tw thiab tiaj tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cov tub rog aircraft nrog loj zog thiab loj loj, xws li lub composite tail thiab ntsug tail ntawm F-15, F-16, Mig{ {5}}, Mirage 2000, F/A-18 thiab lwm yam dav hlau. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, cov tub rog txawv teb chaws cov tub rog dav hlau tail fins tau siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Lub tiaj tus Tsov tus tw thiab ntsug tus Tsov tus tw ua los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw feem ntau suav txog 5 feem pua -7 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov qauv hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau.
Tom qab tus Tsov tus tw nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw,daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw pib tsim rau tis, fuselage thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog aircraft nrog cov qauv loj thiab loj loj. McDonnell Douglas pioneered F/A -18 tis tis nyob rau hauv 1976 thiab nkag mus rau kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv 1982, nce kev sib xyaw siv rau 13 feem pua. Txij thaum ntawd los, tis ntawm cov tub rog dav hlau tsim los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws yog yuav luag txhua yam ua los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, AV-8B, B-2, F/A-22, F/A-18E/F, F-35 of the United States, Rafale ntawm Fabkis, JAS-39 ntawm Sweden, Typhoon koom ua ke tsim los ntawm plaub lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, S-37 ntawm Russia, thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no,tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv lub ntiaj teb cov tub rog siab tshaj dav hlau suav txog 20 feem pua -50 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov qauv dav hlau. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw muaj xws li fairing, flattail, ntsug tail, tiaj tus tail box, tis, pem hauv ntej fuselage thiab hais txog. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua kom txog li 50 feem pua ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau, ces feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub dav hlau yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, xws li B-2 stealth bomber.
Hauv 2020,Qhov piv ntawm carbon fiber xav tau nyob rau hauv aerospace teb rau cov carbon fiber xav tau nyob rau hauv aerospace teb yog 1.80 feem pua. Qhov kev thov hauv paus yog me me, tab sis qhov kev thov ua haujlwm siab yog qhov muaj zog, thiab daim ntawv thov yog dav siv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv riam phom ntev ntev, nws yuav tsum nthuav dav daim ntawv thov piv ntawm carbon fiber composites.
Wave-absorbing stealth:Cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej, thiab tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm nthwv dej, los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau (xws li npib tsib xee plating, coated nrog silicon carbide txheej, thiab lwm yam), kev loj hlob ntawm carbon fiber tshiab ( xws li tshwj xeeb-section carbon fiber, kauv carbon fiber, ntxeem tau carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, thiab lwm yam), tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov electromagnetic kev ua tau zoo.
Cov pa roj carbon tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua lub dav hlau stealth, xws li B-2 stealth bomber, uas nws lub fuselage tag nrho yog ua los ntawm cov roj carbon fiber ntau tshwj tsis yog cov titanium puas nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab nqaj thiab lub cav compartment. Tus nqi ntawm CFRP siv los ntawm American stealth fighter F-22 yog mus txog 24 feem pua, thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw siv los ntawm British Typhoon fighter dav hlau yog mus txog 40 feem pua. Cov txheej txheem carbon fiber absorbing composite yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm radar stealth cov ntaub ntawv, uas combines cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab siab zog thiab absorbing cov khoom ntawm composite. Carbon fiber absorbing khoom yog ib qho zoo heev absorbing cov ntaub ntawv uas integrates muaj nuj nqi thiab qauv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv stealth, qhov kev thov ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv.
Ua ntej lub thib plaub tiam ntawm Suav aircraft, daim ntawv thov Scope ntawm composite cov ntaub ntawv yog txwv rau tus Tsov tus tw tis, tis tis thiab lwm yam lwm yam load-bearing qauv, qhov kev faib ua feem yog tsawg tshaj li 10 feem pua, lub thib plaub tiam aircraft composite cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas tau ua kom pom tseeb. Kev ua tiav, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke nce mus txog 20 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov qauv tshuab.
Tom qab ze li ntawm 40 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub rog dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis-load-cov kabmob mus rau cov khoom nruab nrab thiab cov kabmob tseem ceeb thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov hnyav txo ntawm 20% ~ 30 feem pua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev noj, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas siv nyob rau hauv advanced tub rog aircraft tau tshaj 30 feem pua ntawm tam sim no, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem yuav ruaj khov rau yav tom ntej. Hauv kev tsim cov tub rog dav hlau, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov radome, tis, fuselage, canard, tiaj tus Tsov tus tw, thiab lub cav sab nrauv ntawm cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua.
F-35 nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm kev siv hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau. Hauv particular, carbon fiber composites yog siv tswv yim nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, tis qauv thiab lub cev qauv Cheebtsam. Nws cov carbon-fiber composites twb suav rau ib feem peb ntawm lub dav hlau qhov hnyav thiab ib feem peb ntawm lub tis. Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov kev poob phaus loj tshaj plaws hauv F-35.
Lub dav hlau stealth lub cev yog them nrog cov khoom siv radar-absorbing (RAM), xws li B-2 Sprite lossis F117 Nighthawk, uas yog tsim los hloov hluav taws xob nthwv dej rau hauv tshav kub. RAM poob nws txoj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv tshav kub, noo noo, thiab kev sib txhuam.
Pab neeg tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho ntawm North Carolina State University tau tsim cov roj carbon fiber reinforced composite polymer (CFRP) daim tawv nqaij los daws cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm RAM txwv thiab tau siv hauv B-21 stealth bomber. Cov khoom sib xyaw yog txhim kho los ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes (CNTs), uas muaj zog thiab hnav thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias tshaj li ntawm 1800 degree thiab pab ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias cov khoom siv sib xyaw tshiab muaj cov emissivity qis heev, yuav luag tsis paub meej, thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, piv rau 70-80 feem pua ntawm RAM tam sim no siv hauv stealth aircraft. Cov khoom tshiab yuav muab txau rau hauv lub dav hlau thiab yuav yog 3 hli tuab.
Cov tis ntawm J-11 series thiab Chengfei's J-10 thiab J-20 series yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv carbon fiber ntau. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam aviation muaj ntau txoj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim cov carbon fiber laminated qhov chaw hauv 20 xyoo dhau los.
Rau Tuam Tshoj, lub dav hlau J-20 tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 1990s thiab nws cov kev sim davhlau pib thaum kawg ntawm 2010, muab nws ib tug technology kom zoo dua li ib tug lig mover. Lub canard tis ntawm J-20 tus thawj coj, J-10, yog ua los ntawm carbon-fiber reinforced bismaleimide resin composites, uas muaj ntau me me radar kos npe tshaj cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua. stealthy los ntawm doping lwm yam stealthy cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv lub resin matrix. Lub canard tis ntawm J-20 kuj tseem yuav siv cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tom ntej, thaum F-22 tus kab rov tav stabilizer, uas kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov hlau, tsis tas yuav stealthier. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tis canard ntawm J-20 yog inverted thiab lub tis yog inverted, yog li cov radar nthwv dej tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntug ntawm canard yuav tsis txuas ntxiv mus rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub ntsiab tis thiab tsim ib qho kev xav thib ob, uas kuj yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau stealth.
