Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam tsheb ciav hlau, muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau dua thiab ntau dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau cov tsheb ciav hlau, thiab qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom tshiab yog loj thiab loj dua. Ntawm lawv, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua raws li cov qauv tsim, los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xa tawm, thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem tau txais nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tshiab, xws li rwb thaiv tsev zoo, corrosion tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, siab tshwj xeeb modulus, siab tshwj xeeb lub zog, thiab lwm yam khoom, cov yam ntxwv no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj.
Hauv kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau siv dav hauv cov tsheb sab hauv, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv thiab lwm qhov ntawm cov qauv thauj khoom kuj tau siv rau qee yam. Cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog siab, lub teeb yuag, thiab siab rigidity. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom feem ntau yog siv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom nyob ze, uas tsis tas yuav ua ntxiv thiab tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, txo kev vibration thiab suab nrov, thiab txo lub cev hnyav. Fiber composite tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau.
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Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau
Qhov tshwj xeeb modulus thiab lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau, thiab lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub zog, nruj, thiab haus luam yeeb. Cov khoom siv FRP tshiab muaj kev ua tau zoo raws li cov nplaim hluav taws kub thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Thiab aramid cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw muaj cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, lub zog siab, siab kub tsis kam, qib rwb thaiv tsev siab, noo noo tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj, ruaj khov lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Txhua yam khoom siv sib xyaw muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau.
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Daim ntawv thov kom zoo dua tsom xam ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau
2.1 Zoo mechanical zog
Cov khoom sib xyaw embodies cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv matrix thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv, nrog lub zog siab, lub teeb yuag, loj rigidity, vibration thiab suab nrov txo, qaug zog tiv thaiv, rwb thaiv tsev kub, thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo, rau lub tsheb lub teeb yuag tsim, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb. thiab kev nplij siab ntawm lub tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
2.2 Ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho lub teeb yuag ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev khiav hauj lwm ceev ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau tau nce siab dua, uas yuav tsum muaj cov tsheb ciav hlau kom ua tiav cov qauv tsim tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw yog cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsheb ciav hlau.
2.3 tuaj yeem txo tus nqi
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau khiav ceev, tib neeg tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau cov nqi kho thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam thaum them nyiaj rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsheb thiab kev nplij siab. Txawm hais tias thawj zaug peev hauv kev lag luam kev tsheb ciav hlau loj, tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tsheb siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw yog siab dua li cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab yog khi kom yuav tsum tau nqis peev loj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub voj voog ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj mus los yog ntev. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm lub tsheb, ntawm ib sab, cov tsheb sib tw tuaj yeem txo cov kev siv lub zog ntawm cov tsheb thiab txo cov nqi khiav haujlwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev vibration tsis kam, qaug zog ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv corrosion, kev puas tsuaj, thiab kev sib tsoo lub zog nqus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog zoo dua li cov khoom siv hlau zoo tib yam, yog li kev saib xyuas lub voj voog ntawm lub tsheb tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, thiab tus nqi tu tuaj yeem ua tau. raug txo kom tsawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tuaj yeem txo cov nqi ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tsheb.
2.4 Muaj zog tsim tau
Cov modulus tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog tshwj xeeb yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm composite matrix thiab reinforcement thiab hloov cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ntau yam tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li. Piv txwv li, lub zog tensile ntawm iav fiber ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3500MPa thiab elastic modulus yog 70GPa. Lub zog tensile ntawm high-modulus carbon fiber tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3900MPa thiab elastic modulus yog 600GPa. Nws tau kawm los ntawm kev sim uas cov txheej txheem txheej txheej zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom raws li cov qauv tsim hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv matrix.
2.5 Kev ntseeg tau zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg
Cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov qaug zog ua haujlwm thiab qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yav dhau los, composites tau dav siv nyob rau hauv high-stress teb xws li aerospace, precisely vim hais tias ntawm lawv zoo heev qaug zog tiv thaiv thiab tsawg-notch rhiab heev.
Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau muaj lub zog zoo li qub, lawv lub zog txo qis dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev vibration hnyav. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hlau hlau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho chaw. Nyob rau hauv kev co thiab kev cuam tshuam (nruab nrab load), qhov tsis xws luag yuav kis tau sai heev kom txog rau thaum cov txheej txheem puas. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog zoo li qub thiab kev co lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog yuav luag xoom. Txawm hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tsis raug txiav, qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv cov khoom yuav raug xa mus rau cov txheej txheem uas nyob ib sab thiab yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj vim lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj uas cov khoom sib xyaw muaj lub neej ntev dua li cov khoom siv hlau.
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Kev siv cov fiber ntau sib xyaw hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau
3.1 Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau
Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov khoom siv carbon fiber tau pib lig hauv Suav teb, kev siv tshuab tau tsim sai heev nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Piv txwv li, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. tau siv cov khoom siv carbon fiber ntau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm cov mos txwv tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam, corrosion resistance, thiab mechanical zog ntawm lub tsheb yog guaranteed, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog li 35 feem pua qis dua li cov khoom siv aluminium alloy.
3.2 Cov khoom siv iav fiber ntau
Nrog rau cov suab nrov txo qis thiab nplaim hluav taws retardant zog, txhua yam muaj zog thiab nruj piv kev ua tau zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum ntawm rail tsheb, lub taub hau cover ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb cab, thiab lwm yam.
3.3 Aramid fiber ntau composites
Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv hlau tsoos, aramid composites muaj cov khoom zoo xws li nplaim hluav taws kub, lub zog siab, qib rwb thaiv tsev siab, noo noo tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, thiab ruaj khov lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv tau siv tag nrho hauv cov motors, transformers, thiab lwm yam haujlwm, thiab tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev txo qhov hnyav.
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Xaus
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau yuav ntau dua thiab ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsheb lub cev qauv muaj qhov kev thov zoo.
